Medicine during World War 2

There were a lot of medicines that were used more during World War 2.  A few of these included sulfanilamide, penicillin and morphine. 

Gerhard Johannes Paul Domagk, a German Biochemist discovered this 1932 while researching antibacterial chemicals.  It was first used in 1935.  During World War 2 everyone carried sulfanilamide to control bacterial infections.  This decreased the mortality rate by almost 60%.

Penicillin, discovered by Scottish bacterialist Sir Alexander Fleming, also became widely used during World War 2.  The pharmaceutical company Pfizer discovered a production technique that was able to produce penicillin a lot quicker.  They provided 90 percent of the penicillin used in Normandy on D-day.

Morphine, derived from the opium poppy plant, was used as a pain killer during World War 2.  The pharmaceutical company Squibb discovered a way for medics to use morphine on injured soldiers on the front line.  The morphine was put in a toothpaste tube so it was easily carried.

Shirley Temple

Shirly Temple was the most famous child actress in the 1930's.  When she was born, her mother would sing Shirley to sleep, surrounding her with music early on.  She then was exposed to dance at age three; it was at one of her dance classes that she was discovered. She first appeared in Baby Burlesks, a movie that included spoofs about other famous movies.  This curly haired girl became popular at age five when she had a role in Stand Up and Cheer. That same year she was also seen in Little Miss Marker, Baby Take a Bow and Bright Eyes. Bright Eyes is the movie in which she sang her famous song "On the Good Ship Lollipop."  Shirley Temple became very well known in the 1930's as a cute, curly haired girl, and was adored by many.

Giovanni Arnolfini and his bride.

Jan Van Eyck was a famous painter in the 1400's. He painted 'Giovanni Arnolfini and his Bride' 1434, in London. Van Eyck included many underlying interpretations. The first unusual depiction is that normally when you get married you shake with your right. Yet Giovanni is shaking with his left. If you shake with your left that will prevent gold-diggers and plus he has it documented with the picture. I guess shaking with your left hand is ideal to signing a prenuptial today.

I know I'm getting pretty detailed, yet it's engaging the audience. The bride is fashionable, looks pregnant yet not, and she is wearing such a dress that shouldn't be a maid. Giovanni is close to the window which is symbolic f0r the bread carrier (provider). His wife is close to the bed which could could mean that she is the baby maker and will care for it.

We know it's a wedding because their shoes are off and that is what they did in church. The burning candle means that they are in the presence of God. The timber ceiling defines purity, and the dog symbolizes obedience and faithful. Finally, the mirror could be the eye of God and in the reflection is Van Eyck and the priest.

Cross Inscribed Carpet Page - Lindisfarne Gospels

Going back in time around 704 in Early Medieval Europe the Lindisfarne Gospel was created with several pages. This page 'Cross Inscribed Carpet Page' borrowed the style from the Book of Durrow to the next level. It has illuminated manuscripts with complex shapes. Tons of time must have been spent on this. Mythical creatures embedded (hidden) through the designs and combines the creatures if you look really close.

Eye Magazine 50

Eye magazine talked about the ideology of type. In 1540 Claude Garamond was hired to create his standardized typeface that represented France in away and was used for all the business papers. Garamond became the first to basically create a trade mark for himself with his typeface.

Personally, I enjoy Garamond type. It is unique how it's not made up of geometric shapes. I made templates of Garamond a year or two ago and each letter appears to be hand drawn b/c there really aren't that many strait lines. What a pain in the butt to cut out.

Anyways, years later the New Typography took over. It consisted a asymmetry and san serifs. Then when Hitler took over in 1933 in Germany and the Nazi gov't brought back the bold and space filling blackletters. They Nazis said it was un-German, yet years later they brought back the New Typeface. Around that same time printers were using large slab serifs (big footprints) on sturdy wood for display letters for the bill and large posters. Slab serifs were the type on wanted posters that we still see today. The new typefaces symbolized a new way of life (at the time) clearly by American skyscrapers.

In 1919 News Gothics (large screaming type on wood) was used to signal a large story such as the mind-boggling tabloids. News Gothic in a few words 'signal the big story.' In the 20's Paul Renner's Futura came by storm with the combination styles of the Renaissance and Bauhaus. Futura was unique with its variety of strokes from thick to thin and different stroke weights that the public had to soak in.

The Nazi's abandoned the Gothic type because the Nazis found out or thought it derived from the jews.

The other styles that later appeared were influenced by the harsh economic problems caused by WWI, WWII, Vietnam, and more. Artist were breaking the modern rules of type by taking it further. Art Nouveau and Postmodern styles a ambushed modernism. Postmodernist characterized their work as psychedelic and colorful. Nudity, drugs and rock-and-roll flourished. People were rebellious all over the place. This new attitude was new to the previous 'Leave it to Beaver' and 'The Brady Bunch' era.

Finally, the people leaned more towards type that represented speed.

Von Glitchka

Von Glitschka

• Recognizing his talents in drawing at the age of 5 after winning an art

contest, Von Glitschka knew he would someday make a career of his love

of creativity. Over the years he would try different styles of art and add his

own twist to the contemporary world of art. Thus, Glitschka established his

own mark in the industry as an “Illustrative Designer”, a phrase he coined

for his unique niche.

• Von Glitschka grew up greatly inspired by his mother who engaged him in

painting and crafts at a very young age and encouraged him to express his

originality through his work. Other pieces of inspiration stemmed from his

personal interest in Japanese cartoons and old record covers by Jim Flora. But his

love for art did not stop at home. Glitschka was not shy to show off his talents in

school as he took every opportunity he could to tie art into his projects or show

off for his friends.

• Glitschka went on to graduate from The Seattle Art Institute in 1986. From

there he directed his artistic abilities towards the field of Graphic Design in

which he spent the first ten years of his career working for in-house

departments and decent sized creative agencies. Now days, the designer

spends his time creating for major publications and advertising agencies

from his studio in Salem, Oregon. Over the 23 years that Glitschka has

worked in communication arts he has been titled Senior Designer and Art

Director and has seen success with his award winning projects.

• In 2002, Von opened Glitschka Studios, a creative

agency that includes popular clientele such as General

Motors, Rock & Roll Hall of Fame, Major League

Baseball, Merck, Microsoft, Pepsi, Virgin Atlantic,

Hasbro, Bandai Toys, Edison Power, Allstate Insurance

and Upper Deck.

• Among his many commitments, Von teaches a digital

illustration class at a local college and created a

resource site called illustrationclass.com for students and

designers to learn or reference new techniques.

Here are some of his web sites. The illustration school site is my favorite cause he offers great tutorials, vectors, and downloads:

http://www.illustrationclass.com/?page_id=3

http://www.vonglitschka.com/

http://www.federalbureauofillustration.com

Star Wars, 1977

Star Wars is an epic space opera franchise conceived by George Lucas. The film was originally released on May 25, 1977 by 20th Century Fox, and became a worldwide pop culture phenomenon, spawning two immediate sequels, released at three-year intervals. As of 2008, the overall box office revenue generated by the six Star Wars films has totaled approx. $4.3 billion, making it the third highest grossing film series, behind James bond and Harry Potter films.

The Star Wars film series has spawned other media including books, television series, video games, and comic books. These supplements to film trilogies comprise the Star Wars Expanded Universe, and have resulted in significant development of the series' fictional universe

  The setting of the events dipicted in Star Wars media take place in a fictional galaxy. Many species of alien creatures are often depicted. Robotic droids are also commonplace and are generally built to serve their owners. Space travel is common, and many planets in the galaxy are members of a Galactic Republic, later reorganized as the Galactic Empire. 

       

Awards

IV: A New Hope

Art Direction- Set Direction

Costume Design

Film Editing

Music (original Score)

Sound (Mixing)

Visual Effects

    Box Office Performance

Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope-$430,998,007

Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back-$290,475,067

Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi-$309,306,177

Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace-$431,088,301

Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones-$310,676,740

Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith-$380,270,577

Star Wars: The Clone Wars-$35,161,544

Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars

Lauren Bray

Op Art

Op art "Optical art is a method of painting concerning the interaction between illusion and picture plane, between understanding and seeing." Op art works are abstract, with many of the better known pieces made in only black and white. When the viewer looks at them, the impression is given of movement, hidden images, flashing and vibration, patterns, or alternatively, of swelling or warping.

Op art is derived from the constructivist practices of the Bauhaus. The Bauhaus was founded by Walter Gropius, stressed the relationship of form and function within a framework of analysis and rationality. Students there were taught to focus on the overall design, in order to present unified works. 

The term first appeared in print in Time Magazine in October 1964, though works which might now be described as "op art" had been produced for several years previously. 

         

Op Art Works

Op art is a perceptual experience related to how vision functions. It is a dynamic visual art, stemming from a discordant figure-ground relationship that causes the two planes to be in a tense and contradictory juxtaposition. It is created in two primary ways. The first, and best method, is the creation of effects through the use of pattern and line. Often these paintings are the black and white, or otherwise grisaille. Second, is the lines create after-images of certain colors due to how the retina recieves and processes light.

Source: 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Op_art 

Lauren Bray

 

Mary Quant: Fashion Designer

Mary Quant was one of the most famous fashion designers of the 1960s; her best-known creation was the mini-skirt.
Quant opened the London boutique, Bazaar, in 1955. Her first best-sellers were small white plastic collars to brighten up black dresses or sweaters. These sold for the equivalent of 30 cents each. Blackstretch stockings were also a popular item.
Quant attempted to find new and interesting items for the shop, but as a buyer, she wasn't satisfied with the range of clothes available to her. And so she decided to design and manufacture her own.
Some of her early experimental designs included balloon style dresses and knickerbockers. Large spots and checks were mixed. She designed the first range of coordinates in England with items such as sleeveless dresses featuring unusual color combinations.
By 1963 she was exporting her fashions to the U.S.-the focus was on "mix and match" separates, coats, boots, stockings and accessories and began mass-producing. The Mary Quant brand was born.
In 1964, the first mini-skirts arrived in New York. By now, the "mod look" was taking hold worldwide. Mary Quant became the major fashion force outside of Paris, she was THE designer of the mid-60s. Besides the mini-skirt, Quant is often credited with creating the colored and patterned tights that were worn with the mini.
Among her numerous designs were vinyl boots, dresses with strong colors and striking geometric designs, the extremely short micro-mini, plastic raincoats, white, knee-high, lace-up boots, tight, skinny sweaters in stripes and bold checks.
She also said that “Suddenly every girl with a hope of getting away with it is aiming to look not only under voting age, but under the age of consent.”
In the late 60s, Quant launched the short-lived fad of hot pants, which was her last big fashion design. In the 1970s and ‘80s, she concentrated on household goods and makeup, but she will always be known for her innovative, designing style that helped define the 1960s.

1939: "The Greatest Year in Film History"

Film historians and movie buffs often look back on 1939 as "the greatest year in film history". This particular year saw the release of an unusually large number of exceptional movies, many of which have been honored as all-time classics.

The most popular of them include the following:

Gone with the Wind:It is a stunning Civil War panoramic story of the transformed lives of leading families as the Southern aristocracy crumbles and the South is defeated. From the stories of the lives of a number of memorable characters including a pampered, spoiled, headstrong beautiful young woman Scarlett O'Hara (Vivien Leigh), a dashing cavalier Rhett Butler (Clark Gable), a loyal black slave Mammy (Hattie McDaniel), Scarlett's saintly cousin Melanie Hamilton (Olivia de Havilland), and the ineffectual character of Ashley Wilkes (Leslie Howard), the story is told through great spectacle, romance, despair, conflict and travail. With a terrific, lyrical musical score by one of the greatest film composers of all time, Max Steiner.

The Wizard of Oz:

A farm girl Dorothy (Judy Garland) from Kansas (in sepia-tone) is transported with her dog Toto in a twister to the magical fantasy land of Oz (in Technicolor). There she meets delightfully colorful characters including the Wicked Witch of the West (Margaret Hamilton) and three companions - the Scarecrow (Ray Bolger), the Tin Man (Jack Haley), and the Cowardly Lion (Bert Lahr). With them she sets off on the yellow brick road to seek the Wizard's (Frank Morgan) help to get home. The Wizard grants all of their wishes when they subdue the Witch. In the land of Oz, she discovers that things aren't always better somewhere else. With the well-known theme song, "Over the Rainbow."

Of Mice and Men:

A bittersweet, tragic story of two ranch hands traveling together in California's Salinas Valley. Two migrant field workers, Lenny (Lon Chaney, Jr.) a large, physically-strong but dim-witted individual with a great passion for soft furry things, and George (Burgess Meredith), Lenny's protector, only want to live peacefully on their own small ranch. But Lenny's innocence, feeble-mindedness, his clumsy misuse of his physical strength, and finally a brutal set of circumstances kills their dream.

Mr Smith Goes to Washington:

One of Frank Capra's time-honored classic comedy/dramas about the triumph of the ordinary man over the corrupt political elite, restoring faith in democracy. An idealistic, naive Boy Rangers leader Jefferson Smith (James Stewart) is drafted by his state's governor to the Senate in Washington as a freshman senator to complete the remaining term of a dead Senator. The corrupt "political machine," led by his state's senior Senator Joseph Paine (Claude Rains) believes he will easily be controllable, but when Jefferson discovers the land-scam plans of his supporters, he becomes stubbornly determined to not forsake his dreams and to do what's right against the corrupt, greedy forces running his state. With the support of his secretary Saunders (Jean Arthur), he delivers a powerful, rousing and passionate filibuster on the Senate floor in the final climactic moments

The Hunchback of Notre Dame:

A hideously deformed, grotesque, outcast hunchback Quasimodo (Charles Laughton) lives as the bell-ringer in the towers of Notre Dame's Cathedral. The hunchback is scorned by an angry mob one day, but is shown pity and kindness by a beautiful Gypsy dancer girl, Esmeralda (Maureen O'Hara). He develops a tragic fondness for the girl, and rescues her from being hanged in the public square for being a witch, taking her back into the bell tower and claiming sanctuary.

The Nineteenth Amendment & Women's Rights

The Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits each state and the federal government from denying any citizen the right to vote because of that citizen's sex. It was ratified on August 18, 1920.

It states that:

"The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.
Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation."

The fight for women's suffrage represents one of the most main struggles of women, because denying them representation in government gave a very clear message that they were second class citizens. Women's suffrage has become a very popular compaign over the past 250 years. However, it did take a very long time to work its way up the list to become a dominant issue.

In the First World War large numbers of women started becoming laborers. They discovered that their work outside the home was now valued. Meanwhile, large numbers of men were killed and wounded in battle.

In the years between the wars, women continued to fight discrimination and opposition to women's rights.

The Second World War was extremely liberating for women, since most working-age men were away from their homes and jobs. Large numbers of women contributed to life aside from homemaking as a result of the educational and employment opportunities that opened to them. The popular icon Rosie the Riveter became a symbol for a generation of working women!